Compare Saint Martin (2007) - Nauru (2008)

Compare Saint Martin (2007) z Nauru (2008)

	Saint Martin (2007)	Nauru (2008)

Administrative divisions	-	14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 36.4% (male 2,508/female 2,410) 15-64 years: 61.6% (male 4,111/female 4,224) 65 years and over: 2% (male 144/female 131) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	coconuts
Airports	1	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 54.4 sq km land: 54.4 sq km water: NEGL	total: 21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	more than one-third the size of Washington, DC	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Although sighted by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 and claimed for Spain, it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 and set about exploiting its salt deposits. The Spanish retook the island in 1633, but continued to be harassed by the Dutch. The Spanish finally relinquished St. Martin to the French and Dutch, who divided it amongst themselves in 1648. The cultivation of sugar cane introduced slavery to the island in the late 18th century; the practice was not abolished until 1848. The island became a free port in 1939; the tourism industry was dramatically expanded during the 1970s and 1980s. In 2003, the populace of St. Martin voted to secede from Guadeloupe and in 2007, the northern portion of the island became a French overseas collectivity.	The exact origins of the Nauruans are unclear, since their language does not resemble any other in the Pacific. The island was annexed by Germany in 1888 and its phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium. Nauru was occupied by Australian forces in World War I and subsequently became a League of Nations mandate. After the Second World War - and a brutal occupation by Japan - Nauru became a UN trust territory. It achieved its independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999 as the world's smallest independent republic.
Birth rate	-	24.47 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $13.5 million expenditures: $13.5 million (2005)
Capital	name: Marigot geographical coordinates: 18 04 N, 63 05 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight savings: +1 hour	no official capital; government offices in Yaren District time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	temperature averages 80-85 degrees all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers; July-Novemeber is the hurricane season	tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline	58.9 km (for entire island)	30 km
Constitution	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)	29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)
Country name	conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of Saint Martin conventional short form: Saint Martin local long form: Collectivity d'outre mer de Saint-Martin local short form: Saint-Martin	conventional long form: Republic of Nauru conventional short form: Nauru local long form: Republic of Nauru local short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island
Death rate	-	6.65 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	-	$33.3 million (2002)
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas collectivity of France)	the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas collectivity of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Vinci Niel CLODUMAR chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 937-0074 FAX: [1] (212) 937-0079 consulate(s): Agana (Guam)
Disputes - international	-	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$20 million mostly from Australia (2005)
Economy - overview	The economy of Saint Martin centers around tourism with 85% of the labor force engaged in this sector. Over one million visitors come to the island each year with most arriving through the Princess Juliana International Airport in Sint Maarten. No significant agriculture and limited local fishing means that almost all food must be imported. Energy resources and manufactured goods are also imported, primarily from Mexico and the United States. Saint Martin is reported to have the highest per capita income in the Caribbean.	Revenues of this tiny island have traditionally come from exports of phosphates, now significantly depleted. An Australian company in 2005 entered into an agreement intended to exploit remaining supplies. Few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faces virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has frozen wages and reduced overstaffed public service departments. In 2005, the deterioration in housing, hospitals, and other capital plant continued, and the cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat continued to climb. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption	-	27.9 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	-	30 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Caribbean Ocean 0 m highest point: Pic du Paradis 424 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues	fresh water supply is dependent on desalinization of sea water	limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	creole (mulatto), black, Guadeloupe Mestizo (French-East Asia), white, East Indian	Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007), represented by Prefect Dominique LACROIX (since 21 March 2007) head of government: President of the Territorial Council Louis-Constant FLEMING (since 16 July 2007) cabinet: Executive Council; note - there is also an advisory economic, social, and cultural council election: French president elected by popular vote to a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Council is elected by the members of the Council for a five-year term election results: Louis-Constant FLEMING unanimously elected president by the Territorial Council on 16 July 2007	chief of state: President Marcus STEPHEN (since 19 December 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Marcus STEPHEN (since 19 December 2007); note - President Ludwig SCOTTY defeated in a no confidence vote in parliament on 19 December 2007 cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 19 December 2007 (next to be held in 2010) election results: NA
Exports	-	0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	-	phosphates
Exports - partners	-	South Africa 63.7%, South Korea 7.6%, Canada 6.6% (2006)
Fiscal year	-	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	the flag of France is used	blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1% industry: 15% services: 84% (2000)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA%
Geographic coordinates	18 05 N, 63 57 W	0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note	the island of Saint Martin is the smallest landmass in the World shared by two independent states, the French territory of Saint Martin and the Dutch territory of Sint Maarten	Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	1,023 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	crude petroleum, food, manufactured items	food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners	US, Mexico (2006)	South Korea 43.8%, Australia 36.2%, US 5.9%, Germany 4.3% (2006)
Independence	none (overseas collectivity of France)	31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	tourism, light industry and manufacturing, heavy industry	phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 9.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	-3.6% (1993)
International organization participation	UPU	ACP, ADB, C, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Irrigated land	-	NA
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court
Labor force - by occupation	85% directly or indirectly employed in tourist industry	note: employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation (1992)
Land boundaries	total: 15 km border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 15 km	0 km
Land use	-	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	French (official language), English, Dutch, French Patois, Spanish, Papiamento (dialect of Netherlands Antilles)	Nauruan (official; a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system	the laws of France, where applicable, apply	acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Legislative branch	unicameral Territorial Council (23 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 1 and 8 July 2007 (next to be held July 2012) election results: percent of seats by party - UPP 49%, RRR 42.2%, Reussir Saint-Martin 8.9%; seats by party - UPP 16, RRR 6, Reussir Saint-Martin 1	unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 25 August 2007 (next to be held in 2010) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 18; note - 15 of 18 incumbents reelected
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 63.44 years male: 59.85 years female: 67.21 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: NA total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Location	island 300 km southeast of Puerto Rico	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references	Central America and the Caribbean	Oceania
Maritime claims	-	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	-	no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force (2008)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789); note - local holiday is Schoalcher Day (Slavery Abolition Day) 12 July (1848)	Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality	-	noun: Nauruan(s) adjective: Nauruan
Natural hazards	-	periodic droughts
Natural resources	salt	phosphates, fish
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Union Pour le Progres or UPP [Louis Constant FLEMING]; Rassemblement Responsabilite Reussite or RRR [Alain RICHARDSON]; Reussir Saint-Martin [Jean-Luc HAMLET]	Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal); Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party; note - loose multiparty system
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	33,102 (October 2004 census)	13,528 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	1.781% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	FM 3 (2007)	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Protestant, Hindu	Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.041 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.973 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.099 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age, universal	20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system	general assessment: fully integrated access domestic: direct dial capability with both fixed and wireless systems international: country code - 590; undersea fiber-optic cable provides voice and data connectivity to Puerto Rico and Gudaloupe	general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities domestic: NA international: country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	1,900 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	1,500 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	-	1 (1997)
Terrain	-	sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate	-	3.02 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Transportation - note	nearest airport for international flights is Princess Juliana International Airport (SXM) located in Sint Maarten	-
Unemployment rate	-	90% (2004 est.)

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